The Esan people are an ethnic group from southern Nigeria who speak the Esan language. They are traditionally known as agriculturalists, trado-medical practitioners, mercenary warriors, and hunters. The modern Esan nation is believed to have been organized during the 15th century.
This formation occurred when nobles and princesses left the Benin Empire to establish communities and kingdoms, known as eguares, among the aboriginal peoples they encountered.
There are 35 established kingdoms in Esanland, including: Amahor, Ebelle, Egoro, Ewohimi, Ekekhenlen, Ekpoma, Ekpon, Emu, Ewu, Ewato, Ewosa, Idoa, Ifeku, Igueben, Ilushi, Inyelen, Irrua, Ogwa, Ohordua, Okalo, Okhuesan, Onogholo, Opoji, Oria, Orowa, Uromi, Udo, Ugbegun, Ugboha, Ubiaja, Urohi, Ugun, Ujiogba, Ukhun, Uzea.